Segmentation and Classification of Vitamin C Content in Red Chili Pepper Images Using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Method

Segmentation and Classification of Vitamin C Content in Red Chili Pepper Images Using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Method

Authors

  • Agung Ramadhanu Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK"
  • Fajri Rinaldi Chan Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK”
  • Nabilla Yasmin Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK"
  • Wahyu Saptha Negoro Universitas Potensi Utama
  • Mardison Mardison Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK
  • Halifia Hendri Universitas Putra Indonesia “YPTK”

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22303/csrid-.17.2.2025.149-162

Keywords:

Segmentation, Classification, Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Red Chili Pepper, Vitamin C, Public Nutrition Program

Abstract

The vitamin C content in red chili peppers plays a crucial role in meeting nutritional needs, particularly in free nutritious lunch programs. Red chili peppers are one of the essential sources of vitamin C in daily consumption. However, vitamin C content in chilies can degrade due to storage and drying processes. This study develops a segmentation and classification method for vitamin C content in red chili pepper images using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as a faster and more efficient alternative to conventional laboratory methods. The dataset consists of 100 red chili images categorized into fresh and dried chilies. The analysis process includes preprocessing, feature extraction of color and texture (RGB, HSV, GLCM), dimensionality reduction, and classification using LDA. Experimental results show that this method achieves 99% accuracy on training data and 97% on test data, demonstrating that digital image processing can serve as a non-destructive approach for food quality estimation. This approach has the potential to be applied in food quality monitoring within the food industry and public nutrition programs.

References

L. Rosmainar, W. Ningsih, N. P. Ayu, and H. Nanda, “PENENTUAN KADAR VITAMIN C BEBERAPA JENIS CABAI ( Capsicum sp. ) DENGAN SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS,” J. Kim. Ris., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–5, 2022.

S. Maryam, R. Razak, M. Baits, and A. F. Salim, “Analysis of Vitamin C and Antioxidant Activity of Capsicum frutescens L . and Capsicum annuum L . ( curly and large chili variety ) Analisis Vitamin C dan Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Capsicum frutescens L . dan Capsicum annuum L . ( Varietas Cabai Keriting,” Indones. J. Pharm. Sci. Technol., vol. 1, no. 1, 2023.

L. D. Saputri, A. Merici, P. Lewuras, F. N. Minah, and S. Astuti, “Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Pengeringan Terhadap Kadar Air dan Kadar Vitamin C pada Bubuk Cabai Rawit ( Capsicum Frutescens L .),” in SENIATI 2022, 2022, pp. 636–643.

H. Fadhilatunnur, Z. Murtadho, T. Muhandri, F. T. Pertanian, S. A. Food, and A. Science, “Pengeringan Cabai Merah ( Capsicum annuum L .) dengan Kombinasi Oven Microwave dan Kipas Angin,” J. Mutu Pangan, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 26–35, 2022, doi: 10.29244/jmpi.2022.9.1.26.

A. Husna and R. Kurniaty, “Analisis Kadar Vitamin C Pada Cabai Merah Basah dan Cabai Merah Kering (Capsicum annum L) dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis,” J. BIOLEUSER, vol. 07, no. 3, pp. 48–50, 2023.

E. Aenun, N. Munfaati, and A. Witanti, “Klasifikasi Buah dan Sayuran Segar atau Busuk Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network,” JISKA (Jurnal Inform. Sunan Kalijaga), vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 27–38, 2024.

A. Setiawan and Sumijan, “Penerapan Metode Linear Discriminant Analysis Dalam Mendeteksi Kematangan Buah Tomat,” KESATRIA J. Penerapan Sist. Inf. (Komputer Manaj., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2025.

A. Susanto, I. Utomo, and W. Mulyono, “Perbandingan Klasifikasi Jenis Apel Berkulit Merah Menggunakan Algoritma Linear Discriminant Analysis dan K-Nearest Neighbor,” in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Informasi dan Bisnis, 2022, 2012, pp. 170–174.

R. D. Yunita, C. Rozikin, and M. Jajuli, “Implementasi Metode Linear Discriminan Analysis Untuk Klasifikasi Biji Kopi Abstrak,” J. Teknlogi Inform. dan Komput. MH. Thamrin, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 27–39, 2022.

K. Kheiralipour, M. Nadimi, and J. Paliwal, “Development of an intelligent imaging system for ripeness determination of wild pistachios,” Sensors, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/19/7134

J. Cai, C. Zou, L. Yin, S. Jiang, H. R. El-Seedi, and Z. Guo, “Characterization and recognition of citrus fruit spoilage fungi using Raman scattering spectroscopic imaging,” Vib. Spectrosc., 2023, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924203122001412

S. Li, H. Zhang, R. Ma, J. Zhou, J. Wen, and B. Zhang, “Linear discriminant analysis with generalized kernel constraint for robust image classification,” Pattern Recognit., 2023, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031320322006756

L. G. Divyanth, D. S. Guru, P. Soni, R. Machavaram, and ..., “Image-to-image translation-based data augmentation for improving crop/weed classification models for precision agriculture applications,” Algorithms, 2022, [Online]. Available: https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/15/11/401

H. Ishmah, M. Bernadetha, and T. Mitakda, “Multiple Discriminant Analysis Altman Z-Score , Multiple Discriminant Analysis Stepwise and K-Means Cluster for Classification of Financial Distress Status in Manufacturing Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019,” in Proceedings of the International Conference on Mathematics, Geometry, Statistics, and Computation (IC-MaGeStiC 2021), 2022, pp. 184–189.

N. Lu et al., “A feature extraction method for rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on a multiscale entropy fusion strategy and GA-RL-LDA model,” Soft Comput., 2025, doi: 10.1007/s00500-025-10484-4.

F. H. Laia and P. Buulolo, “Application of SVM and LDA Models in Eye Image-Based Cataract Detection System,” J. ICT Inf. …, 2024, [Online]. Available: https://www.ejournal.marqchainstitute.or.id/index.php/JICT/article/view/191

M. Ahsan, T. Y. Susanto, T. A. Virania, and A. I. Jaya, “CREDIT CARD FRAUD DETECTION USING LINEAR DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS ( LDA ), RANDOM FOREST , AND BINARY LOGISTIC REGRESSION,” BAREKENG J. Math. Its Appl., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1337–1346, 2022.

N. Astrianda, H. Maghfirah, and F. S. Mohamad, “KLASIFIKASI KEMATANGAN TOMAT DENGAN MODEL WARNA YANG BERBEDA MENGGUNAKAN LINEAR DISKRIMINAN ANALISIS ( LDA ),” VOCATECH Vocat. Educ. Technol. J., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 46–53, 2022, doi: 10.38038/vocatech.v3i2.75.

M. Muchtar and R. A. Muchtar, “Integrasi fitur warna, tekstur dan renyi fraktal untuk klasifikasi penyakit daun kentang menggunakan linear discriminant analysis,” J. Mnemon., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 77–84, 2024.

C. Weisser, C. Gerloff, A. Thielmann, A. Python, and ..., “Pseudo-document simulation for comparing LDA, GSDMM and GPM topic models on short and sparse text using Twitter data,” Comput. …, 2023, doi: 10.1007/s00180-022-01246-z.

S. A. D. Ghani, I. Intan, and N. Salman, “Aplikasi Pengenalan Pola Penyakit Kulit Menggunakan Algoritma Linear Discriminant Analysis Skin Disease Pattern Recognition Application Using,” Cogito Smart J., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 206–218, 2022.

Downloads

Published

2025-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Segmentation and Classification of Vitamin C Content in Red Chili Pepper Images Using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Method: Segmentation and Classification of Vitamin C Content in Red Chili Pepper Images Using the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Method. (2025). CSRID (Computer Science Research and Its Development Journal), 17(2), 149-162. https://doi.org/10.22303/csrid-.17.2.2025.149-162

Similar Articles

41-50 of 83

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Most read articles by the same author(s)