Performance Analysis of MQTT Protocol in IoT Plant Monitoring System Based
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22303/csrid-.18.3.2026.474-490Keywords:
MQTT, QoS, Network Performance, IoT Plant Monitoring, Delay, Throughput, Packet LossAbstract
This study analyzes the effect of varying Quality of Service (QoS) levels 0, 1, and 2 in the MQTT protocol on network performance parameters in an IoT monitoring system for chili plants. The research uses an experimental method with a quantitative approach in a controlled local WiFi network environment. The IoT system is built using an ESP32 microcontroller equipped with a DHT22 sensor (temperature and air humidity), a capacitive soil moisture sensor, and a GY-2561 light intensity sensor, connected to a Mosquitto MQTT broker. Network performance parameters measured include delay, throughput, packet loss, bandwidth consumption, and jitter using Wireshark software. Each QoS scenario was run for 30 minutes with data transmission intervals of 5 seconds, generating a minimum of 360 packet samples per QoS level. Test results show that QoS 0 has the highest average delay (2,609.70 ms), QoS 1 with 2,488.51 ms, while QoS 2 produces the lowest delay (1,246.76 ms). Jitter values indicate QoS 2 is most stable (130.07 ms), QoS 0 (190.04 ms), and QoS 1 highest (276.50 ms). Packet loss across all QoS levels is below 1%, with QoS 2 being lowest. Bandwidth consumption increases with QoS level: QoS 0 (0.31 Kbps), QoS 1 (0.32 Kbps), and QoS 2 (0.51 Kbps). Throughput is consistent across all levels (0.23 Kbps). This study provides QoS configuration recommendations based on system requirements: QoS 0 for bandwidth efficiency, QoS 1 for reliability-efficiency balance, and QoS 2 for maximum reliability.
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